Photovoltaic Technology Impacts on Environment Essay

Research Proposal on Photovoltaic Technology Impacts on Environment The research will explore the effects that brought about by the degradation of photovoltaic panels to the environment. This will also include the effect of degradation photovoltaic when exposed to both fresh and salt water. The study will also include an assessment of degradation effect on the performance and reliability of photovoltaic system. Thus, this research will focus on the outcome of having a photovoltaic panel lying on the surface of water. Thus, the effects created will be determined and the array design adjusted accordingly. Further, another environmental issue that will be investigated is the ecological impact created from the transmission of extraordinary†¦show more content†¦From this study, it was concluded that the hazardous emissions that are connected to photovoltaic technology are only connected the consumption of energy in the manufacturing process. In 2010, a research project was funded by the Clean Energy Fund. This project only focused on understan ding the effects of photovoltaic to the environment. According to this research, photovoltaic energy is in a perfect position to be included in low carbon energy technologies to sustain future energy. The study also concluded that the amount produced was too low to pose adverse effect to the environment. Objectives i. To determine the total greenhouse gasses emission throughout the lifecycle of photovoltaic technologies ii. To investigate effects on marine and fresh water resulting from the degradation of photovoltaic solar panels in water iii. To examine the effect of the installation and presence of photovoltaic panels on the water surface iv. To determine the ecological effects of photovoltaic panels especially on the transmission of high-voltage currents in the aquatic environment. v. 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Mexican Coffee And Its Effect On The Flavor And High Quality

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Impact of Leadership and Motivation- Free-Samples for Students

Question: What are the Impact of Leadership and Motivation on Empowering Staff of the Organization Beat. Answer: Introduction The aim of this assignment is to understand how leadership and motivation impacts in empowering the staff of the organization. The organization chosen for this particular assignment is BEAT UK. Efficient leadership and good management is the need of every organization. Without proper leadership and management no organization can deliver qualitative services to the people (Argyres et al, 2013). This is all the more important in the sector of healthcare as users have specific needs. In order to provide good and proper services to the users BEAT too is trying to improve the staff by implementing efficient leadership and motivation. BEAT (Beating Eating Disorders), is a charity and company which is limited by guarantee and it is nationally registered in the UK. Beat is committed to providing help to those people who suffer from or are affected by several types of eating disorders. BEAT celebrated its 25th year of service in 2014. Directory of help finder, conferences, information and groups that render support online, training and helpline services are provided by BEAT at present times. Two charities Anorexic Aid and Anorexic Family Aid joined together and formed the Eating Disorders Association (EDA) in 1989. A third charity by the name of The Society for the Advancement into the Research of Anorexia (SARA) united with EDA through uninterrupted progression and improvement. The name Beating Eating Disorders (BEAT) was adopted by the charity as through which it will be known in 2007. The name EDA is the formally registered name of the charity and it remained the same till date. Leadership styles and motivation affect the work attitudes and behavior of the employees in the place of their work. The management of BEAT through leadership tries to empower its staff. BEAT constantly keeps its staff motivated. The structure of organization of BEAT contains the points mentioned below: The Board of Trustees: For all the charity work that is done by BEAT is looked after by the Trustees because they are the ones who are accountable for them. The activities that are undertaken by the charity are performed by the Trustees as they have the complete authority to do so. Thus, the members of the Board are known as The Board of Trustees. It is collectively responsibility of The Board of Trustees to take care of the daily business functions and work at BEAT. Senior positions are given to about 5 member of the Board. The Treasurer, the Chair, and the Vice-Chair are the three senior officials in The Board of Trustees currently. In order for BEAT to achieve the goals of the organization most of the responsibilities are delegated to the Chair. The Chair looks into the matter so that effective plans can be made for the charitable works undertaken and proper strategies can be implemented. The Chair is held responsible for developing and keeping cordial relationships at it supports the Chief Executive to do the same with the Board. The role of the spokesperson for all the work that is related to the charity be it generating funds from outside, gaining support and so on is played the Chair (Laschinger et al, 2015). The Vice-Chair is also known as the senior alternate Trustee. The main work and responsibility of the senior alternate Trustee is to provide the management with advice and support which are new and are substitutes of the existing ones. Organizing meetings and holding them is also another task of the Vice-Chair. All the finances and the administration of the organization BEAT is taken care of by the Treasurer. The Treasures is the head of the Finance Committee. The accounts and other facets of finance are reviewed 6 times within a year at BEAT and this is also looked after by the Treasurer so that risks can be forecasted and managed. The Finance Director is supported and given advice by the Trustee. The Sub-Committees of the Board: The Board passes over some tasks and obligations to the sub-committees. The sub-committees follow the order of the Board and carries on with their job of fulfilling those tasks and obligations. Every single day the sub-committees are required to make reports and hand them over to the Board and formally present those reports relating to their work on Board meetings (Dong et al, 2015). The Human Resource Committees and the Finance Committee make up the sub-committees at BEAT, currently. At any point of time the responsibilities of the sub-committees can be stopped and changes by the Board. The Senior Management Team: A Senior Management Team is always appointed by the Chief Executive. In order to complete and fulfill the obligation of the charity the Board appoints the Chief Executive. (Lorinkova et al, 2013). Thus, the Senior Management Team is elected for further division and delegation of the duties. External Affairs and Services, Fundraising and Directors of Finance make up the Senior Management Team at BEAT. Through recruitment and selection procedure of BEAT, the candidates who are elected in the Senior Management Team get approval from The Board of Trustees. Members: The Articles of Association are different for every organization. The Articles of Association of BEAT allows the supporters of the company to become its Members. Attending general meetings and electing the trustees are done by the members. Every single trustee is also the member of the company. A General Meeting is held once a year and the Trustees are elected then. There is not much gap in the time span of holding of the Board Meetings and the General Meetings. (Alfes et al, 2015 Literature Review Introduction In this literature review, the literary sources that have relevance with the selected variables of the study have been analyzed. In order to progress with the report in a proper manner, it is important that a clear comprehension regarding the interrelation of the variables is attained. This will ensure that with accurate understanding and organized method is applied by the one who is preparing this report to give suitable recommendations (Amundsen et al, 2014). Hence, in this review, the literatures describing the variables have been included along with the theories relating to leadership and motivation. The further progression of the study will be channelized with the help from this review. The concept and definition of leadership Leadership is considered to be a crucial ingredient for achieving efficiency in business operations. Leadership and the various perceptions about it always affect organizations and the work that is done by them. Similarly in the healthcare sector also leadership happens to be very important (Fong et al, 2015). Inefficient leadership can cause degradation in the quality of performance of the staff. The process through which individual attitudes and behavior of can be influenced by the leader can be defined as leadership. Over the years, many researchers and theorists have been trying to differentiate between management and leadership. There are seven models of leadership. Apart from the models of leadership the other factor that impacts the empowerment of the staff is the leaders personality. It is very important for the leaders to maintain good relationship with the subordinates so that an environment of trust is created and maintained within an organization. The concept and definition of motivation Motivation alone can be the driving force that can make an employee to act and achieve the desired goals and objectives. According to Montana (Montana et al, 1993, p.21), Motivation is the process of mobilizing a persons actions in order to fulfill a need or success of a desired target. Jansen defined motivation in a more comprehensive manner. He defined it as the degree to which an employee needs to perform well in his work in order to achieve an internal (intrinsic) satisfaction (Janssen et al, 1999). Researchers have given ample importance to motivation as a part of the theory of human resource (Zhang et al, 2014, Luoh et al, 2014; van Scheers et al 2014). In recent years, motivation has made an appearance in the healthcare sector. The ability to provide proper services to the users is highly dependent on the extent to which the staff is motivated. If they are not motivated then it will impact their overall performance. The workers have to deal with complex issues and problems at work regularly. In spite of that it is their duty to promote the well being of the users in a professional manner. Correlations between motivation and the productivity of the employees have been found out. Autonomy, communication, time and also complexity are some of the variables that impact the motivation of the employees. Apart from the above mentioned factors working conditions also impact the motivation of the employees. Thus it can be said that highly motivated staffs are empowered staffs. The theories of leadership There are several theories of leadership and they are trait theory, behavioral theories, contingency theories, charismatic leadership theory, transactional leadership theory and transformational leadership. Trait Theory- This particular theory focuses on the characteristics and traits of the leaders, which ultimately lead to the effectiveness of their leadership. The trait theory also states that traits vary from person to person (Muoz-Pascual et al, 2017). There can never be a common set of traits for all. This theory fails to define examples of failure brought about by leadership. It can be said that on the basis of traits a leader may not always be successful in helping and motivating his subordinates. Behavioral Theories- These theories emphasize particular behaviors of the leaders that make their leadership successful. Their behaviors can be people oriented, democratic, laissez-faire or authoritarian. The behavioral style that is preferred can be different according to the situations (McEvily et al, 2014). This theory has overlooked factors like environment and situation in which behaviors are expressed. Contingency Theory- this theory states that the leadership is only effective when interplay of behaviors, traits and situational factors of a leader is achieved. Fred Fiedler Contingency Model, Hersey- Blanchard Situational Model, Path-Goal Model and Vroom-Yetton Model are some of the models under this theory (Schwarz et al, 2016). Charismatic Leadership Theory- According to this theory the exceptional qualities of the charismatic leaders are what people look up to. They connect with the leaders goals and ideals. In this case with his charismatic personality he or she influences people. Transactional theory- This theory is states that leadership is based on rewards and punishments that are dependent on the performance of the subordinates. This theory is applied in businesses as it is outcome oriented (Conrad et al, 2015). Transformational Theory- This theory states that leaders are able to foster change through their personality and vision. Intellectual stimulation, inspirational motivation, idealized influence and consideration for others are what the transformational leadership is made of. The theories of motivation Maslows theory of motivation, Hertzberg's motivator-hygiene theory are some of the theories of motivation. Maslows Theory of Motivation- This theory states that there is hierarchy in needs. When lower needs are met a tendency to fulfill the higher needs arises. This theory also states that higher needs do not crop up until and unless the present needs of the person are fulfilled (Mitrofan et al, 2017). Hertzberg's Motivator-hygiene Theory- The motivating factors are growth, advancement, work, recognition, achievement and work. The hygiene factors are salary, company policy, work conditions, supervision and relationship with others (Senz-Royo et al, 2015). This theory states that the above mentioned factors impact the motivation of the employees Statement of Recommendation with Rational The following are the recommendations through which problems related to empowering staff can be solved: Lenient boundaries should be set for employees. The problems and issues of the employees should be listened. An organization should have faith in its employees. Certain mistakes of the employees should be forgiven. The efforts and the good work of the employees should be acknowledged and appreciated. Opportunities of further growth should be provided to the employees. Trust and faith of the employees should be won by the organization. Employees should be given time. Employees should be questioned from time to time. Ego of the ones in management should be set aside while dealing with the employees. If the above mentioned recommendations are implemented then BEAT can empower its employees effectively. Conclusion Leadership and motivation are key factors that are important because they impact empowerment of the staff (Palus et al, 2013). In this report through an executive summary, a literature review and recommendations, how empowerment of staff can be achieved by implementing leadership and also by motivating them has been discussed. The organization BEAT adopted the transactional and transformational theories of leadership. Over the years, a lot of importance has been given to leadership and motivation in the sector of health and this has been discussed in this assignment very well. References: Alfes, K., Bailey, C., Conway, E. and Monks, K., 2015. The joint effect of high involvement work practices and empowering leadership behavior on employees wellbeing: a moderated mediation model. Amundsen, S. and Martinsen, .L., 2014. Empowering leadership: Construct clarification, conceptualization, and validation of a new scale.The Leadership Quarterly,25(3), pp.487-511. Argyres, N. and Zenger, T.R., 2013. 12. Dynamics of organizational structure.Handbook of Economic Organization: Integrating Economic and Organization Theory, p.210. Conrad, D., Ghosh, A. and Isaacson, M., 2015. Employee motivation factors: A comparative study of the perceptions between physicians and physician leaders.International Journal of Public Leadership,11(2), pp.92-106. Dong, Y., Liao, H., Chuang, A., Zhou, J. and Campbell, E.M., 2015. Fostering employee service creativity: Joint effects of customer empowering behaviors and supervisory empowering leadership.Journal of Applied Psychology,100(5), p.1364. Fong, K.H. and Snape, E., 2015. Empowering Leadership, Psychological Empowerment and Employee Outcomes: Testing a Multi?level Mediating Model.British Journal of Management,26(1), pp.126-138. Janssen PPM, De Jonge J, Bakker AB. Specific determinants of intrinsic work motivation, burnout, and turnover intentions: a study among nurses.Journal of Advanced Nursing.1999;296(6):13609 Laschinger, H.K.S. and Fida, R., 2015. Linking nurses perceptions of patient care quality to job satisfaction: the role of authentic leadership and empowering professional practice environments.Journal of Nursing Administration,45(5), pp.276-283. Lorinkova, N.M., Pearsall, M.J. and Sims, H.P., 2013. Examining the differential longitudinal performance of directive versus empowering leadership in teams.Academy of Management Journal,56(2), pp.573-596. Luoh, H.F., Tsaur, S.H. and Tang, Y.Y., 2014. Empowering employees: job standardization and innovative behavior.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,26(7), pp.1100-1117. McEvily, B., Soda, G. and Tortoriello, M., 2014. More formally: Rediscovering the missing link between formal organization and informal social structure.Academy of Management Annals,8(1), pp.299-345. Mitrofan, O., Ford, T., Byford, S., Nicholls, D., Petkova, H., Kelly, J. and Edwards, E., 2017. Care experiences of young people with eating disorders and their parents: a qualitative study.The Lancet,389, p.S70. Montana P, Charnov B.2nd Edition 1993. Management Muoz-Pascual, L., Muoz-Pascual, L., Galende, J. and Galende, J., 2017. The impact of knowledge and motivation management on creativity: Employees of innovative Spanish companies.Employee Relations,39(5), pp.732-752. Palus, S., Brodka, P. and Kazienko, P., 2013. Evaluation of organization structure based on email interactions. InGovernance, Communication, and Innovation in a Knowledge Intensive Society(pp. 117-127). IGI Global. Senz-Royo, C., Gracia-Lzaro, C. and Moreno, Y., 2015. The role of the organization structure in the diffusion of innovations.PloS one,10(5), p.e0126076. Schwarz, G., Newman, A., Cooper, B. and Eva, N., 2016. Servant Leadership and Follower Job Performance: The Mediating Effect of Public Service Motivation.Public Administration,94(4), pp.1025-1041. Solomon, A.W. and Steyn, R., 2017. The relationship between subordinate cultural identity, leader cultural intelligence and empowering and directive leadership.Journal of Contemporary Management,14(1), pp.119-155. van Scheers, L. and Botha, J., 2014. Analysing relationship between employee job satisfaction and motivation.Journal of Business and Retail Management Research,9(1). Zhang, X. and Zhou, J., 2014. Empowering leadership, uncertainty avoidance, trust, and employee creativity: Interaction effects and a mediating mechanism.Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,124(2), pp.150-164.